The conversion of hot metal into steel produces CO-laden gases of high caloric value. The recovery of these gases means to save a considerable amount of energy.
Based on this idea Lurgi together with Thyssen developed in the 1980s the LT-Steel Gas Process.
The LT-Steel Gas Process has become more and more accepted and is in the meantime established worldwide.
Dry electrostatic gas cleaning is the key because it meets the demands of modern environmental protection.
The heart of this process is the cylindrical-type precipitator, specially designed for the dry collection of the fine dust in CO-laden gases.
Movable Skirt
The first precondition for the steel gas recovery is to capture the converter off-gases as concentrated as possible, the task of the movable skirt is to protect the off-gases from entrainment of false air, which would deteriorate the calorific value of the gases.
Waste Gas Cooling Stack
The gases leave the converter at a very high temperature. This heat is used for steam production and represents the first step of energy recovery.
Gas conditioning tower
In the gas conditioning tower, the gases are cooled down to a moderate temperature with especially designed two phase nozzles atomizing water into finest droplets. Off-gas and dust are still dry. Besides cooling, the separation of coarse dust particles and the gas conditioning for the following electrostatic precipitator take place.
Electrostatic Precipitator
The round design warrants a perfect plug flow of the gas which is essential for safe operation. The cylindrically shaped casing requires a special kind of dust removal. A specially designed dust scraper transports the collected fine dust to a trough type chain conveyer installed underneath the casing. Using latest controller systems for the high-voltage transformer rectifier sets improve the dust collection efficiency significantly and save energy costs. Downstream of the electrostatic precipitator an axial flow fan is installed.
Switchover Station
As soon as the gas contains a sufficient concentration of CO-gas, the switchover station directs the gases to the recovery system and during non-blowing time to the flare stack.
Gas cooler
The gas cooler cools the recovered gas down to the saturation temperature for safe and efficient storage in the gas holder. Downstream of the gas holder the recovered steel gas is led to the consumer grid via booster fans.
GEA's spray drying evaporation is a simple process that requires limited attention from the operator while maintaining high reliability. It can be easily integrated with either existing or new WFGD.
Environmental pollution of heavy metals is increasingly becoming a problem and global concern. In addition to the calomel process, often used in the field of non-ferrous metal production, GEA uses wet Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP), Spray Drying Absorption (SDA) and Ceramic Catalyst Candles (BisCat) to reduce heavy metals from flue gas.
Bubble Columns feature a high liquid to gas volume ratio, beneficial when conducting rather slow reactions in the liquid phase as large reaction volumes can be realized. Ideal when dry spots must be avoided in the contactor.
在精炼行业中,我们最重要的一项活动是对 FCC 装置进行气体清洁。GEA 技术将工艺工程、环境因素以及节能结合在一起。GEA 考虑到这一点,因此在提供清洁空气解决方案的同时,使 CAPEX/OPEX 降到最低。
健康快乐的奶牛是成功和可持续牛奶生产的关键。因此,保持奶牛健康是每个奶农努力的核心。奶牛的健康受到许多因素影响,例如根据奶牛个体需求进行适当喂养、良好的饲养条件以及新鲜的空气、水和光照。而且,挤奶方式对奶牛的健康状况也有很大的影响。GEA 因其“优质挤奶理念”而闻名,不断致力于进一步发展,并在动物健康和牛奶质量方面取得更好的成果。
各行各业都在努力实现净零排放目标,同时遵守严格的脱碳法规和立法。与此同时,公司必须平衡日益增长的质量、产品开发和工艺优化需求,此外,还必须努力提高盈利能力。应对这一挑战需要采取 GEA 提供的协作和整体方法。
咖啡、可可、牛奶、肉类、鱼类和蛋类 - 这些日常主食在很大程度上依赖集约农业。随着新食品技术的兴起,我们有了更多可持续的替代品。我们采访了 GEA 液体、发酵和灌装部门的高级副总裁 Reimar Gutte 博士,探讨其中的可能性和政策。